Voting System free essay sample

Presentation Through the utilization of innovation, the economy of the nation is pushing ahead. These days, the vast majority are utilizing PCs to make their work simpler and quicker. Most occupations in the nation include utilization of PCs as a result of their significance in the general public. It is utilized to store, secure, process, transmit, oversee and recover data. This infers PCs can likewise resemble people that have knowledge and can work. In any case, its insight is just counterfeit since it is only a machine so it’s still depends on people to play out any undertaking required. Foundation of the Study Isabela National High School for having understudies that has grown up to around a thousand understudies presently, conveyed quality and amazing training to the individuals living in the district of Ilagan and furthermore to the neighboring town. For a long time since this school established, this foundation had just led many significant understudy committee appointment of officials for the INHS Supreme Student Council. We will compose a custom paper test on Casting a ballot System or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It was so apparent sadly that the turnover of these said races had gone to be moderate and tedious. It was moderate as a result of the accompanying situations: 1. Starting at now, the democratic used to be completed as follows †the voting form papers would be given to all the understudies, the understudies would fill in their picked candidates, the democratic would be held where the understudies dropped their voting form into a voting station. At that point, the polling booth would be opened, and the voting forms would be tallied by hand. There was a great deal of edge for blunder. 2. The Election is done physically, so the campaigning is devouring a major measure of time, in certainty in the greater part of the decisions the peddling of votes took an extended periods of time and additional time expend. 3. Miscalculation of votes that may cause for under vote or in any case over vote. 4. Mistally and misquoted vote in favor of an applicant. It was hard and tedious with respect to the political race facilitators since it needs a great deal of vitality and time to beat the intricacy of the arrangements and the holding of the political decision down to the peddling of votes. So with these issues the require a change is thought of. As an understudy in this course, Bachelor of Science in Information Technology there is a call and a requirement for renewal and rejuvenation of the current conventional and manual democratic framework. The usage of the automated democratic framework is the response for this confusion. Organization Profile INHS Mission and Vision Vision: The Isabela National High School produces graduates who are mentally and innovatively proficient, furnished with the alluring worth, perspectives and abilities toward work that will lead in the improvement of human and material assets. With profoundly able and devoted instructors and representatives inside a Healthy Organization and Peaceful Environment (HOPE) who are submitted in adding to the country’s improvement endeavors, the school will end up being the Regional Center of Excellence not just in English Mathematics and Science and Technology yet in addition in every branch of knowledge it being the Divisional Leader School. Strategic: school will grow exceptionally serious alumni to react to the current needs of society through powerful proficient educators and workers with the help of the network associations worried about training towards the improvement of life of each Filipino. History The foundation of the Isabela National High School came because of the squeezing need to satisfy the developing aspiration of numerous young people in Isabela to achieve advanced education. At the point when Spain surrendered the Philippines to America in the Treaty of Paris for a measly twenty million pesos in 1898, the Americans promptly involved the nation bowed on the supposed plan to prepare the Filipinos for self-government. American military administration alongside the Philippine Commission built up an arrangement of Public Education that developed gradually all through the archipelago. In the Cagayan Valley, grade schools were set up as right on time as 1901. Cagayan and Isabela contained one school division with Mr. W. W. Rodwell as School Superintendent and situated in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, He was helped by two delegates name Mr. A. L. Burnell, an American educator allocated in Lallo, Cagayan and Mr. H. B. Fernald, another American instructor appointed in Cauayan, Isabela. Beside their showing obligations, the representatives helped in the association and management of schools inside their regions. Eight American educators of 35 were allocated in Isabela. In 1903, Mr H. E. Terrible succeeded Mr. Rodwell as Division Superintendent. Around then just 12% of the consolidated school-going age populace of Cagayan and Isabela were tried out different schools. Of 42,495 just 5,256 were joined up with the elementary schools with an all out school participation of 3,883. In September 1902, the common secondary school in Tuguegarao, Cagayan opened. Around 65 understudies were enlisted and was directed by Mr. H. E. Chime, the head and an aide. The school shut briefly on March first of that year because of the obliviousness of the individuals on the idea of the school and the ineptness of younger students to exploit secondary school training. It revived in July 6, 1903 and enlistment consistently expanded from 78 to 245 in only a month’s time. Numerous understudies from close by towns and areas went to secondary school in Tuguegarao. Around 40, pretty much, originated from Isabela during that year. This pattern had prompted school specialists that in one more year, or when practicable two middle schools must be worked in Ilagan, Isabela and in Aparri, Cagayan. True to form a common secondary school was at long last settled in Ilagan, capital town of Isabela in June, 1904, yet officially opened in August, 1904 with Mr. Seward W. Hulse as School Principal. Four other American instructors were allocated in the school to deal with an enlistment of 186. There were no Filipino educators were relegated to the school because of inaccessibility of qualified ones. Some portion of the city school building being utilized for essential classes, were incidentally utilized by the secondary school for instructional purposes. Not long after, the common board made sure about an excellent site confronting the Cagayan River and bordering the town of Ilagan, which is currently its current area. Today, we see the colossal steps the secondary school had made in the domain of optional training. Its vision is to help form a solid, authentic and viable populace for national harmony and flourishing. Its strategic to set up the young to satisfy the needs of advanced education just as handy enough to get into the universe of work. Some portion of its curricular contribution of general optional instruction, is a science-situated educational program for the profoundly talented adolescents who might want to seek after courses requesting exceptionally logical readiness. Its school populace has extraordinarily expanded from its measly 186 of every 1904 to a normal of 5,500 yearly to date, in its fundamental grounds in Ilagan. As a mother school to various secondary schools everywhere throughout the region, its school populace arrived at a normal of 10,000, pretty much. Since the school’s establishing in Jun, 1904, a significant number of the individuals who went through its entries bcame distinguished pioneers and ountstanding residents, possessing exceptionally compelling situations until the national level. Many have additionally ended up entrenched in remote soils and performing respectably well true to form of each graduate. Alumni of the schools numbering around a hundred thousand since its first graduation in 1921 had positively clarified impressions in the ways of the world and gainfully adding to financial improvement of the nation. Hierarchical Structure Purpose and Description we will likely build up a protected, quick, precise, easy to understand, and an independent framework for an enormous scope political race. Targets of the Study General Objective: To build up a Computerized Voting System of Isabela National High School Specific Objectives: This investigation tries to build up a framework that will address the accompanying: 1. ) To execute a quick, simple and precise method of directing a voters enlistment and competitor applications. 2. ) To appropriately deal with the political race in an efficient way. 3. ) To create rapidly a right, precise and solid soliciting result. 4. ) To produce in a flash required summed up and achievement reports. Extension and Limitation Scope It is centered around examining the current arrangement of casting a ballot in Isabela National High School and to ensure that the students’ votes are included for decency in the elective positions and less time in checking of results. Since it is an independent application, at least one client may utilize it at once and the framework is accessible just at the Election time. This is additionally will create: Less exertion and less work. Changes and Increase in number of voters as people will think that its simpler and progressively helpful to cast a ballot. Impediment Time factor and notable foundation was the best hindrance to the fruitful fulfillment of this framework since it must be done inside the semester. We additionally had money related requirements since all the exercises were self-supported. Meaning of terms CVS Computerized Voting System Review of Related Literature

Cabaret

Men's club Men's club joins high show, sensible if whimsical profound quality, and solid characters with amazing songs. It depended on the play I Am a Camera by John van Druten. John Kander, the author of Cabaret drove the music into genuine good and Musical territory. With the development of well known music undermining his profession as a theater author he took his risks and attempted another style of melodic. 'At the point when mainstream music appeared to quit thinking about theater music, People who composed for the auditorium quit composing for the market. The melodic normally turned out to be progressively exploratory' (Esther, John). Set in the Kit Kat club where the supper club urges you to abandon your difficulties and accept that life is excellent. This melodic stands up to the time of Nazism in Germany, in any event, including a Nazi tune, 'Tomorrow has a place with me'. The tune was to some degree an astonishment for me, for I viewed the creation with no premonition concerning the play, and hence the ground-breaking Nazi in your face sentiment of the melody stunned me.English: Anne Beate Odland as Sally Bowles in Cab...When it came out on Broadway in 1966, the Holocaust was still new in everybody's psyche, so I can envision that there were a lot bigger responses from crowds back then.The story follows the life of Sally Bowles, an English young lady, working in the Kit Kat club (despite the fact that the creation I saw appeared to focus on the creator Cliff and his ethical clashes). The rise of the Nazi party's capacity is outlined close by the tale of Sally. The melodic was done singing about how superb life is however really testing an intricate, piercing political time. It was an 'insightful' melodic that was not exclusively about engaging yet in addition about reasoning and profound quality. Nightclub additionally utilized the dramatic type of 'a show inside a show'. While...

Exploring Startup Ecosystem in Bogota

Exploring Startup Ecosystem in Bogota Colombia has been quietly working behind the scenes for the last decade, as it reinvented itself and prepared to re-emerge as a powerhouse on the global marketplace scene.Almost imperceptibly, Bogota has crept back into the public awareness as a thriving center of finance, power and innovation. Entrepreneurs around the world have turned their attention to this Latin American country and have begun to realize its potential. © Shutterstock.com | Jess KraftWhen considering Bogota as a startup hub, it is important to analyze 1) the location, 2) the tax incentives, 3) legal incentives, 4) investors, 5) local resources, 6) specialization of the area, and 7) startups to watch.LOCATIONThe capital city of Colombia, Bogota is home to the third largest population in South America: nearly 9 million people. To keep it in a global perspective, that puts Bogota in the top forty largest cities of the world. It is easy, then, to understand why startups would consider it to be a vital city in the startup market. Located near the center of Colombia, it sits on a plateau in the Andes Mountains. Bordered by the mountains on one side, the Bogota River on another, the city has grown across the plateau and into the hills. The surroundings are beautiful, but there is more to this bustling metropolis than nature.Geographical BenefitsThe immense size of the city leads to several issues that the entrepreneur must deal with. One of the most pressing concerns is in the area of transportation. With over 9 million people in the city, traffic congestion is a way of life. The city has taken steps to accommodate the immense number of people travelling on the roads every day and continues to work on efforts to eliminate traffic in a variety of ways.While personal automobiles are a primary means of travel, the city has an extensive rapid bus system that is designed to make up for the lack of subway systems. The bus system is composed of two components: a traditional public transportation program and a high speed system that is much more expensive. Between the two components, however, the city is essentially covered with bus stops and the services are convenient to use.The city is home to an international airport, making travel outside of Colombia easy to obtain. Additionally, the airport serves as a hub for the national airport, so in-country flights are convenient as well.Advantages of choosing the cityDue to the immense size of the city, the entrepreneur has the opportunity to find everything their startup may need in a relatively short radius. The diverse population provides for virtually every target market, the infrastructure of the city is strong and the potential for growth is high.In recent years, the potential Bogota offered was overshadowed by the looming fact that it was located in Colombia. The 90s provided the world with the worst possible view of Colombia: the home to a strong drug cartel that ran wild through the country. Government officials began making serious changes in the country and by 2004, the country was transformed. Streets were safe, tourism was beginning to grow and the economy began to boom. In the last decade, Bogota has reinvented itself as an economic powerhouse and entrepreneurs have begun to take notice. The country has a renewed sense of identity, a new purpose and a sense of determination to embrace the future.Startups that choose Bogota as their headquarte rs can take advantage of the exploding marketplace: investors are heading to Colombia with their money, and they are looking for companies to invest in. Capitalizing on the current push for entrepreneurship not only puts startups at the front of the economic wave, it offers the chance to establish a presence in one of the largest marketplaces in the world.TAX INCENTIVESPerhaps one of the strongest motivators for selecting Bogota as a startup hub can be found in the impressive tax incentives they offer. Since 2002, the government has made entrepreneurship one of their top priorities and their efforts have paid off. They began to work on an incentive program that developed enterprise zones and free trade zones. Companies established within a Free Trade Zone are also eligible for a preferential income tax of 15%.To further encourage innovation, they instituted a 175% corporate income tax deduction for companies in scientific, innovative or technological endeavors. For companies that ar e working toward improving the environment, there is a 100% of investment deduction. There are exemptions available for products developed and produced in Bogota for export, as well. Those production companies are exempt from the aggregated value tax, as well as the local commerce tax.As Bogota continues to emphasize the push for innovation, the tax benefits for both entrepreneurs and investors will continue to develop. Companies that operate within the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) are eligible for a host of incentives that encourage entrepreneurs to focus on innovation by eliminating high tax liabilities and fees. With a growing economy and a large number of companies entering the global marketplace, their plan seems to be working.While the tax incentives are appealing, it is imperative that entrepreneurs wishing to establish their business in Bogota seek professional tax advice regarding the tax liabilities they will encounter. Recent changes to the tax law for residents can be intimidat ing and cumbersome â€" find a reputable CPA who specializes in foreign startups to address any questions or concerns.LEGAL INCENTIVESThe Free Trade Zone established in Bogota allows for a variety of benefits and incentives. Companies within the FTZ are eligible for duty free importation of materials, purchasing materials, services and capital goods without Value Added Tax (VAT). They also have the possibility of setting up a single company FTZ anywhere in the county, depending on specific targets and criteria.Government support in Bogota has immense value for the entrepreneur. Initiatives by the leadership of the country have resulted in a streamlined application process for entrepreneurs; now opening a business in Colombia takes half the time than in other Latin American countries. Additionally, the city of Bogota is extremely diverse, and entrepreneurs from around the world can feel at home in the multicultural city.The establishment of HUBs within the city provides for collaborat ion and support within the growing startup movement. This allows for entrepreneurs to take advantage of resources such as housing and office opportunities that are specifically designed for them.Ensuring that the startup is setup properly is a fairly simply process; however it is advisable to seek legal counsel in Bogota to make sure that everything is properly taken care of.INVESTORSThe Colombian government has made a commitment to innovation and is backing their commitment up with the establishment of an investment match program. Investors willing to invest up to half of the capital a startup needs into a company will be matched by government funds, lessening the risk for the investor and providing much needed capital for the entrepreneur.A unique aspect to the Bogota startup scene is the addition of Polymath Ventures. A startup studio, Polymath Ventures is a full-service startup firm. They design the venture idea from concept to reality. By establishing the venture concept, findi ng the entrepreneur and talent to spearhead the concept and securing capital, Polymath is creating their own opportunities for investment and working to guarantee their success.As entrepreneurs establish successful startups and more companies begin to demonstrate successful exits, the number of ‘home-grown’ investors will grow. Entrepreneurs who reach success help to encourage innovation and provide an example of excellence for others to follow. As they begin to give back to the startup community, it becomes part of the innovative culture in Bogota and the numbers will continue to grow.Currently, there are few angel investors or venture funds. The absence of these type of investors in the city has encouraged investors to being establishing funds in the city. A qualification process is recommended for investors, which would eliminate some of the problems the city has had in the past with investors. Seeking out angel funds and venture capital firms would also increase the number o f investors who are established in the city. This allows the entrepreneur to make contact with investors without having to do much self-promotion. As the city’s entrepreneur market grows, doubtless more investors will make their way to the Latin American city.LOCAL RESOURCESBogota has an impressive number of universities, schools and technical colleges. With a large number of people migrating to the state’s capital every year, their education system is flourishing: over 100,000 people graduate every year in a professional or technical field. This annual influx of trained workers creates a wealth of potential employees who are specifically educated for highly advanced fields. Entering the Bogota workforce, these workers are helping to generate excitement about the growing technology market in Colombia.For an entrepreneur in Bogota, ImpactHUB Bogota is a vital source of information, support and encouragement. A diverse network of individuals operate within the HUB: entrepreneurs f rom France, Canada and India have all worked together within the innovative project. The HUB offers co-working space, support groups, networking meetings and contacts with investors.Global accelerator Wayra is another important resource in Bogota. The co-working space offers funding, office space and mentoring to accepted companies.The culture of Bogota is important when considering the city as a startup hub as well. Studies have shown that cities with a thriving cultural aspect tend to be more successful as innovative centers. With an established number of cultural venues, Bogota has proven itself to be a hotspot of artistic expression. Over 50 museums dot the city’s landscape, along with 60 art galleries and a host of libraries. Their largest library boasts an annual visitor count of over 6 million people. Theaters, opera houses and sporting venues are another important piece of the culture of this large city, and its impact on the world’s culture is being recognized: Bogota i s considered one of the world’s most important regions for art development.SPECIALIZATIONThe startup market in Bogota is relatively new, having only taken off in the last few years. However, the government of Colombia has made it clear that their future is in innovation. By promoting entrepreneurship in technology, innovation and scientific processes, there is a clear message: tech markets are welcome in Bogota.Significant natural resources surround Bogota: oil, natural gas and gold are deposited throughout the surrounding areas. Entrepreneurs who develop innovative methods of using resources without depleting them, along with preserving the environment have massive appeal to the Colombian government. Startups that can use innovative technology to tap into these resources are in high demand as the global economy grows.The large number of graduates from technical institutions in the city lends itself easily to a specialization in the technology sector. Through collaborative efforts , co-working zones and startup hubs, individuals are given the tools to successfully launch a startup in a tech field.STARTUPS TO WATCHThe number of successful startups in Bogota is growing, but it has not been an easy road. With the new regulations that promote entrepreneurship and a government that is supporting the role of entrepreneurs, there will be an increase in the number of startups to watch. While the first groups of startups seemed to have a global function, the next wave of startups will seem to be more intent on local innovation. The ration of global to local startups has been disproportionate, but recent months have a seen a surge in the numbers.StartBull: Discouraged by the absence of any financial education tools available in Colombia, Santiago Pineda decided to create his own. Through diligent research, he was able to create a service that eventually became StartBull. With virtual currency, the user can set up a faux stock market account that allows users to negotia te prices, try investment strategies and discover the ramifications of different tax situations.Nethub: A platform based in the cloud, Nethub allows customers to manage their online marketing interactions. Analytics, business and marketing tools provide clients with all the information they need to analyze and effectively use their online presence in one convenient and easy to use interface.Codetag: Established to provide developers a connection to coders and gamers. Through interactions and collaboration, users are able to improve their skills and encourage other users. Online interfaces give opportunities to demonstrate what skills the user has mastered.Oja.la: Online educational videos for adults, completely in Spanish, are the main services of Oja.la. Over 5,000 classes, 200 videos and hundreds of chats, oja.la will be speaking a log of Spanish.Senseta: An online analytics, Senseta offers users a method of tracking internet usage for marketing purposes. With the use of their ana lytic program, users can determine where their customers are, find the words that were used to search for them and create marketing opportunities based on the results.Authy: A two step authorization process app, your phone and apps will be on a secure network with just a few simple keystrokes. With Strong authentication, daily use apps will be kept behind a secure password structure that prevents non-authorized use of either the phone or the app.For many years, the only reason Bogota was in the news was drug related. With determination and courage, the government reclaimed their city and has begun to establish a new reputation: innovator and trend-setter. Not content to simply allow other companies to expand, the city put a new priority on startups and innovation and backed it by a large budget. These exciting changes have brought a new sense of identity to the city and have invigorated their innovative endeavors. Entrepreneurs and investors alike could benefit from a careful consid eration of this historic city.

Ethnic Minority Education in China Finding a Path...

Ethnic Minority Education in China: Finding a Path between Tradition and Development Introduction Educating a nation is no simple task. Even in the United States—which boasts a substantial tradition of public education, political stability, economic prosperity and a strong middle class—issues such gender and racial equality, diversity, and budget reality still cause continuous debate. For a nation like China, the task of educating its people is even more daunting. China has a population of 1.3 billion, an economy that is still developing, and thus even more stringent budget constraints. And although abandoning command economics for the free market in 1977 allowed double-digit economic growth through the 90’s, the now-uneven†¦show more content†¦It is no coincidence that many of the poorest and least-educated areas in China today are heavily populated by ethnic minorities. To begin with, not all minority groups are motivated to seek education—for some, such as nomadic tribes, the uniform national curriculum in China has little bearing on l ife within the minority society. Others, such as the Tibetans, traditionally favor religious education for boys, and discourage education for girls (Lee, 40). For minorities who are not indifferent to formal education, structural barriers persist. Minority children often grow up speaking their native tongue, which puts them at a disadvantage in the Mandarin-oriented system of formal education. Many fall behind early, and drop out because they lose hope in ever catching up. Poverty is another barrier against educational advance, especially given the fact that market reforms have taken away many of the services that used to be provided by the state. Public education is no longer free, so many children leave school because greater output on the farm results in more income for the family. 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Rhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs By Malcolm Gladwell

Rhetorical Analysis- Steve Jobs Given the task of conceptualizing a man who truly changed the realm of technology as we know it today, my mind secludes one person. That person is Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, now known simply as Apple. For this rhetorical analysis, I will be using three biographies/profiles about Jobs including â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs† by Malcolm Gladwell with The New Yorker (June 19, 2017), â€Å"Jobs’ Biography; Thoughts on Life, Death, and Apple† from NPR (October 25, 2011), and â€Å"Steve Jobs† from Biography.com (April 28, 2017). Precise attention to the audience, purpose, and tone, allows all three of these profiles to vividly explain and represent Jobs as the truly exceptional man that he was. â€Å"The Real†¦show more content†¦I feel as if there is a negative connotation to the profile as a whole, making Jobs look like a criminal. It is written in a tone that relays that Jobs did not deserve what he had. Think about all the things we use today that have a piece of Jobs’ mind behind them; whether he â€Å"invented† them or not, you can see that he truly molded the world of technology as we know it. â€Å"Jobs’ attention to detail on his creations was unrivaled, says Isaacson. Though he was a technologist and businessman, he was also an artist and designer.† (Jobs’ Biography NPR par 11) This profile focuses on and summarizes a biography written about Jobs by Walter Isaacson. Its purpose is to detail Jobs’ entire life, starting from a very young age when he found out he was adopted. Isaacson, the author of Jobs’ official biography writes, â€Å"For Steve Jobs, he felt throughout his life that he was on a journey – and he often said, ‘The journey was the reward.’† Jobs felt that all design was important whether it could be seen or not. Countless designs brought to him were turned down because they were too complex. â€Å"I see the depth of simplicity,† said Jobs. This profile has a much more casual tone and focuses on Jobs as a person, and not so much as a businessman. The profile is written in a tone that does n ot discredit what Jobs has accomplished. However, several bits and pieces from the Jobs’ biography (Isaacson) were included in the profileShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Steve Jobs1178 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis- Steve Jobs Given the task of conceptualizing a man who truly changed the realm of technology as we know it today, my mind secludes one person. That person is Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple Computer, now known simply as Apple. For this rhetorical analysis, I will be using three biographies/profiles about Jobs including â€Å"The Real Genius of Steve Jobs† by Malcolm Gladwell with The New Yorker (June 19, 2017), â€Å"Jobs’ Biography; Thoughts on Life, Death, and Apple† from NPR (OctoberRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through S elf-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

William Glasser Free Essays

Glasser is an internationally recognized psychiatrist. William Glasser was born in 1925. He was raised in Cleveland, OH. We will write a custom essay sample on William Glasser or any similar topic only for you Order Now His first profession was a Chemical Engineer but decided to go into psychiatry when it became apparent to him this was his real interest in life. He attended Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland for medical school. At Veterans Administration Hospital he took his psychiatric training also attending UCLA. He became board certified in 1961. He did private practice from 1957 to 1986. Dr. Glasser’s approach is non-traditional. He does not believe in the concept of mental illness unless there is something organically wrong with the brain that can be confirmed by a pathologist. In 1967, he founded The Institute for Reality Therapy. In 1994, The Institute was renamed The Institute for Control Theory, Reality Therapy and Quality Management to reflect the scope of The Institute’s teachings. Two years later it became The William Glasser Institute with Dr. Glasser renaming his theory, choice theory. Initially, The Institute was active only in the United States and Canada but under Dr. Glasser’s direction, his teachings have now spread to many countries (wglasser. com) Glasser is best known for his book Reality Therapy which he wrote in 1965. The idea behind this type of therapy is that people need to meet the basic needs of love both giving and receiving and the need of finding self-worth. A therapy that leads all patients toward reality, toward grappling successfully with the tangible and intangible aspects of the real world, might accurately be simply called Reality Therapy. Glasser 6) Glasser states the in order for us to fulfill our needs we must have one person that we care for and in return cares for us to meet our basic needs. Reality Therapy is based on Choice Theory. Choice theory states that: †¢all we do is behave, †¢that almost all behavior is chosen, and †¢that we are driven by our genes to satisfy five basic needs: survival, love and belonging, power, freedom and fun. There are ten axioms that go along with this theory as well th ey are all follows: 1. The only person whose behavior we can control is our own. 2. All we can give another person is information. 3. All long lasting psychological problems are relationship problems. 4. The problem relationship is always part of our present life. 5. What happened in the past has everything to do with what we are today, but we can only satisfy or basic needs right now and plan to continue satisfying them in the future. 6. We can only satisfy our needs by satisfying the pictures in our Quality World. 7. All we do is behave. 8. All behavior is Total Behavior and is made up of for components: acting, thinking, feeling, and physiology. . All Total Behavior is chosen, but we only have direct control over the acting and thinking components. We can only control our feeling and physiology indirectly through how we choose to act and think. 10. All Total Behavior is designated by verbs and named by the part that is most recognizable. (wglasser. com) Dr. Glasser is semi-retired, but is still a much sought-after speaker nationally and internationally. Some of h is many accomplishments are as follows: †¢listed in Who’s Who in America since the 1970s; 1990 – awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters, Honoris Causa from the University of San Francisco; †¢2003 – presented with the ACA Professional Development Award recognizing the significant contributions made to the field of counseling; †¢2004 – presented with the â€Å"A Legend in Counseling Award† by the ACA; †¢January – 2005 presented with the prestigious Master Therapist designation by the American Psychotherapy Association; and finally, †¢2005 – presented with the Life Achievement Award by the International Center for the Study of Psychiatry and Psychology for his enormous influence as a psychotherapist and author. wglasser. com) William Glasser’s methods of psychity are very useful. He teaches people to love them self and others. If you have a so called mental illness he tries to get to the under lying cause believing that you only h ave a mental illness if it can be proven by Drs. Glasser still does speaking about his theories. Works cited 1. William Glasser Institute. Oct. 6, 2009. [www. wglasser. com] 2. Glasser, William. Reality Therapy. New York. Harper Row 1990. How to cite William Glasser, Papers

Business Rationale For Diversity Management Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Business Rationale for Diversity Management. Answer: Introduction CERA is a company that is working on large scale across the world. the report examines the importance of diversity management at CERA and describes the relevancy of diversity at the workplace. It has to inculcate a culture of diversity management while organizing the business. It should promote the culture in a way that everyone can see the reflection of diversity in their culture and the process. CERA has been working till now on an old model of HR recruitment but there is a necessity to keep doors opened for people from different background in order to attain cultural diversity. CERA has an issur Role of Diversity management at CERA It is recommended to incorporate principles of diversity management at the workplace in order to highlight all the important aspects of human resource management. The different aspect of diversity management is selection, recruitment, performance appraisal, training and development. Organizations need to show a commitment towards diversity and should try to integrate flexible working condition for the employees in order to attain balance at work. Moreover workplace diversity management helps in building s strong relationship with the community that helpsin enhancing the overall productivity. This process helps in improving the quality of programs and delivers an efficient service and product (Bassett?Jones, 2005). CERA has to inculcate a culture of diversity management while organizing the business. It should promote the culture in a way that everyone can see the reflection of diversity in their culture and the process. Success of the organization depends upon the ability to adopt di versity and to realize their benefits (Egan Bendick, 2008). In order to ensure selection of diverse pool of talent it is advised to improve the HR policies which will create ample of opportunities. The HR manager should ensure recruitment of efficient candidates from the diverse pool of people through practicing diversity management at workplace (Curtis Dreachslin, 2008). Choosing people out from a diverse pool will increase overall productivity. Moreover diversity management while recruitment and selection is not a difficult task. Reviewing HR policies timely as per the global competitive environment is suggested I order to attain objectives. It is essential to notice that a broader diversity management will help in broadening the choice. A well-managed recruitment program will help in absorbing the best candidates. This will ensure that a pool of right people is chosen to accomplish the objectives of the organization (Cooke Saini, 2010). Current Issues related to diversity management Diversity management focus on assembling values of t he organization and practice strategy to develop vision and organizational strategy pertaining to the requirements. Diversity management includes equal employment opportunity for every individual at workplace. This will ensure incorporating people with a different perspective and background to work under one roof. CERA needs to develop the policies focusing on promoting diversity management (Vertovec Wessendorf, 2010). It needs to develop compliance oriented approach in order to promote diversity at workplace. The people of the organization are source of strength and competitive advantage. Diversity management has multiple impacts on the organization while considering the difficulties faced at different level. This will help in providing a competitive advantage to CERA by keeping doors opened for people from different background. This process will help in adapting effective planning at workplace. This will moreover help in improvi ng innovative practice at workplace which will enhance the overall productivity. This will help in ensuring effective balance in between the desired culture and objective results. Most of the organizations are disregarding the importance of diversity at the workplace. This has however caused a stagnant growth for those organizations to include a diverse environment at workplace (Labelle, Gargouri Francoeur, 2010). CERA has to develop a cohesive environment that provides an opportunity for the growth by pushing various different aspects. Diversity management is correlated with the success of the organization in multiple ways which involve various cultural backgrounds (Rice, 2010). Business Rationale Argument for diversity management Multiculturalism is a part of diverse working environment with people from different walk of life. The diversity management looks upon the issues at multiple levels while positioning the strategic, managerial and operational functions. This practice can only be motivated if an organization imbibes these functions in their culture. There should be a proper coordination in between the senior and lower level of management in order to synchronize information. Senior level executives are given responsibility to handle the multi cultural environment. This will help in enhancing the scope of the organization. CERA has to promote a multi-cultural environment by reviewing the HR plan ( Martn-Alczar, Romero-Fernndez Snchez-Gardey,2012). Conventional HR policies will only land up to troubles. This practice need to be achieved through developing a cohesive environment. Diversified teams at workplace will help in managing the critical issues in an easy manner. They allow a better understanding o f the issues in order to develop a multi cultural environment. Researchers have acknowledged that a multicultural environment helps in overcoming the loopholes in the organization. This provides with an insight to convert dreams into reality. CERA has to face a challenge to promote a multi cultural environment in order to seek effective result .International presence of the brand has initiated a multi cultural environment. This has created a sense of cultural awareness among employees to think with a different perspective. They are being exposed to different ideas and points and can create a workforce with a large social network group and helps in increasing the business base (Mujtaba, 2007). Current Beneficiaries of diversity management at CERA An organizational success and competitiveness depends upon the ability of the organization to embrace diversity by realizing the benefits. All those organizations that are handling the diversity issues at the workplace are developed according to the necessity. The beneficiary of Diversity management is the organization who gets an opportunity to expand business opportunity due to a multi cultural environment. A company that encourages diversity management helps in inspiring the other employees in an organization. This will provide an opportunity to handle diverse workplace issues. This will help in implementing the plans carefully (Need, 2006). Diversity management will help in providing a broad range of skills and experience to the organization that will help in providing a diverse range of customer based services. A diverse environment will benefit the organization by considering the variety of viewpoints given by individual employee while framing the business polices. This will ensure meeting out the business strategies while expanding the various opportunities. Workplace diversity is beneficial for both employee and the organization. It increases the market opportunity, recruitment and creativity and helps in meeting difficult task (Kossek, Lobel Brown, 2006). Diversity management helps in creating a flexible business environment in order to achieve the desired results. Flexibility and creativity at workplace will help in managing the issues in an effective manner. Moreover it will help in managing the issues occurring at a different level of an organization. This will led to recognition of various issues that occurs a t different level. CERA needs to initiate further in order to seek benefit of diversity at workplace while creating a diversified environment (Pitts, 2009). Human resource planning and business strategy at CERA Human resource is an important part of a successful business while focusing on business strategy. Managers understand the importance of well-trained staff in order to motivate the other employees. Successful HR departments have understood the importance of keeping efficient employees that will help in attaining goals. Business managers are responsible to communicate idea of the business to the subordinates. Diversity need to be handled in an effective manner to achieve success for attaining long term goals. Majority of business organizations has realized importance of diversity management at the workplace due to increasing complication in business. Majority of the business organization across the world are seeking opportunities to resolve the complications. CERA by far has been following the old procedure of recruiting human resource personnel. Incorporating new practices will enhance the growth opportunity. The changes taking place in the organization needs to be addressed in a mann er that is necessary in developing the strength (Henry Evans, 2007). CERA is currently operating in different countries with a diversified working environment. Under such a situation it is suggested that CERA should make its policies accordingly so that they can seek a competitive advantage against other. Business strategies need to be made keeping in mind the recruitment structure. An organization with a dynamic workforce works more efficiently when compared to other. CERA however has incorporated a multi-cultural workforce but it is advised to organize more people in order to attain growth (Wrench, 2016). Role of stakeholders in Selection Procedure It is necessary to give proper representation to the minority while managing diversity Stakeholders in todays business scenario play a significant role in todays competitive world. Stakeholder management and consultation has become increasingly prevalent in todays business scenario. Stakeholders consultation plays an important role in accomplishing corporate social responsibility. It is seen that business that engages everyone around is able to make a consistent performance. Stakeholder consultation is important for putting a positive effect on an organization recruitment process. This helps in building positive relationships in order to shape a positive job profile. It is essential for a business organization to address competing interest or differing priorities in order to shape the priorities. This will help in acknowledge the expectation in order to achieve desired result. Gaining valuable insight and information helps stakeholders in achieving distinguished goals. It provides a fountain of valuable experience, insight and knowledge to recruit with a vision to achieve daunting goals. This helps in facilitating successful candidates to the organization and promotes robots stakeholders engagement that will help in achieving desired goals (Foster Harris,2005). Recommendations (Application of policies) Below mentioned are the necessary recommendations that are suggested to Mark French according to the present HRM policies and the role of diversity management at workplace. It is advised to CERA to employ people from every background in order to attain unrealistic goals. For achieving a sustainable growth it is advised to incorporate systematic changes in overall recruitment and selection procedure which will help in establishing an effective work environment. Diversity for an organization proves to be one-size-fits all option. Firstly it is suggested to involve every individual in the organization to take the responsibility of diversity. Top management to bottom management should take responsibility to manage diversity at workplace. Diversity management is all together a complex issue needs to be resolved in a simple manner to avoid future disputes (Barak, 2013). CERA should measure progress towards achieving diversity at the workplace through managing realistic goals by developing metrics. Comparing the standard and actual outcome will help in assimilating desired result within a required time-period. CERA is advised to measure all the goals on a desired parameter set by the management previously. Assemble your resources CERA need to put all the fiscal and human resources at place in order to incorporate the policies in the organization while changing all the necessary functioning. Company need to start planning from the ground level in order to practice diversity management. Incorporating diversity management is a tough task for an organization at an initial level but managing everything in a systematic arrangement will help the organization to achieve sustainable result (Konrad, Prasad Pringle, 2005). Set up a system System is necessary to be prepared in advance in order to promote diversity. Talent acquisition is about attracting the best out of a pool of people. Once the requirement are set it is simple to choose the most efficient person for the desired post. This will enable a multi-culture environment at the workplace. Educate Educating everyone about the role of diversity at workplace will help in processing necessary goals. It is necessary for an organization to provide proper information to the employees about the role of diversity in order to achieve desired result in the given time frame. Training is necessary to imbibe culture of the organization within employees (Pitts Wise, 2010). Demonstrate support from top management It is necessary to initiate support from the top level management in order to articulate business function. Diversity represents the cultural value of an organization where everyone is treated equally irrespective of the place where they come from. Following abovementioned policies will help in incorporating a favorable environment at the workplace which will provide a sustainable environment. It is advised to decide in advance the procedure through which the vacant position would be filed. The current vacant positions are related to senior engineer and graduate engineer. Firstly it is necessary to shortlist the candidates out of the received application. The position need to be fulfilled as per the required qualification. It is recommended to the HR manager to short list the most appropriate application and to initiate the interview process. All the shortlisted candidates need to be invited for a formal written and personal interview in order to judge their knowledge. Out of the chosen candidates a final round of interview need to carried in order to ensure the best candidate. Offer letter is given to the candidate who is chosen by the interviewer. Finally the Chosen candidate is asked to give final confirmation about the job which he has opted. It is necessary to seek all proper information in advance (Harvey Allard, 2015). HRM is all about keeping systematic information about filing the right place in the organization. An organization can only achieve success if it recruitment team is already well-trained. In todays competitive scenario this has become evident to recruit the best employees. CERA has to involve a diversified workforce in order to attain desired result. Assembling people from a different cultural background is necessary for attaining differential results. This has become important foot every organization around the world to include efficient workforce in order to access maximum result (Aytemiz Seymen, 2006). Advice of friends and colleagues are taken serious by maximum number of people while making employment decision. Most of the decision made b the young generation is affected by the peer and surroundings. A career option according to them depends upon moment of choice. They are particularly opting for those career options which are advised to them by their friends. In a competitive at mosphere the decision related to career options are widely affected due to numerous career options. However it has become important that the external influence for a person is causing a huge amount of pressure while guaranteeing successful career. It is affecting their mental status and providing them with an insight to make a futuristic decision (Shen, Chanda, D'netto Monga, 2009). Conclusion It is advice to CERA that they should focus on determining the relevant standard to the organization while improvising the selection procedure. Diversity is much broader than what it is considered by the organization. Human resource needs to promote broad range of policies not only in recruiting diverse workforce but to implement effective procedure. This is necessary for an organization to implement the efficient policies in the organization so that CERA can perform extraordinary by acquiring a pool of efficient workers around the world. Diverse workforce helps in achieving desired results which will help it in receiving long term growth. There is a necessity to implement selection process that understands individual differences. Every individual has a different sort of mindset and it is very important for an individual to ally all the activities to recruit the best out of all. The report is related to implication of diversity management at CERA and the studies relevant manner to at tain goals. The company has been focusing on incorporating diversified human resource in order to attain sustainability. CERA can perform extraordinary by acquiring a pool of efficient workers around the world. They have to frame systematic policies in order to achieve desired result. References Aytemiz Seymen, O. (2006). The cultural diversity phenomenon in organisations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management: a literary review.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,13(4), 296-315. Barak, M. E. M. (2013).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bassett?Jones, N. (2005). The paradox of diversity management, creativity and innovation.Creativity and innovation management,14(2), 169-175. Cooke, F. L., Saini, D. S. (2010). Diversity management in India: A study of organizations in different ownership forms and industrial sectors.Human Resource Management,49(3), 477-500. Curtis, E. F., Dreachslin, J. L. (2008). Integrative literature review: Diversity management interventions and organizational performance: A synthesis of current literature.Human Resource Development Review,7(1), 107-134. Egan, M. L., Bendick, M. (2008). Combining multicultural management and diversity into one course on cultural competence.Academy of Management Learning Education,7(3), 387-393. Foster, C., Harris, L. (2005). Easy to say, difficult to do: diversity management in retail.Human Resource Management Journal,15(3), 4-17. Harvey, C. P., Allard, M. (2015).Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Henry, O., Evans, A. J. (2007). Critical review of literature on workforce diversity.African Journal of Business Management,1(4). Konrad, A. M., Prasad, P., Pringle, J. (Eds.). (2005).Handbook of workplace diversity. Sage. Kossek, E. E., Lobel, S. A., Brown, J. (2006). Human resource strategies to manage workforce diversity.Handbook of workplace diversity, 53-74. Labelle, R., Gargouri, R. M., Francoeur, C. (2010). Ethics, diversity management, and financial reporting quality.Journal of Business Ethics,93(2), 335-353. Martn-Alczar, F., Romero-Fernndez, P. M., Snchez-Gardey, G. (2012). Transforming human resource management systems to cope with diversity.Journal of Business Ethics,107(4), 511-531. Mujtaba, B. (2007).Workforce diversity management: Challenges, competencies and strategies(pp. 207-229). Llumina Press. Need, W. C. D. H. P. (2006). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. Pitts, D. (2009). Diversity management, job satisfaction, and performance: Evidence from US federal agencies.Public Administration Review,69(2), 328-338. Pitts, D. W., Wise, L. R. (2010). Workforce diversity in the new millennium: Prospects for research.Review of Public Personnel Administration,30(1), 44-69. Rice, M. F. (2010).Diversity and public administration: Theory, issues, and perspectives. ME Sharpe. Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'netto, B., Monga, M. (2009). Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,20(2), 235-251. Vertovec, S., Wessendorf, S. (Eds.). (2010).Multiculturalism backlash: European discourses, policies and practices. Routledge. Wrench, J. (2016).Diversity management and discrimination: Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EU. Routledge.

Nicomedes Márquez Joaquín free essay sample

Nicomedes Mà ¡rquez Joaquà ­n (May 4, 1917–April 29, 2004) was a Filipino writer, historian and journalist, best known for his short stories and novels in the English language. He also wrote using the pen name Quijano de Manila. Joaquin was conferred the rank and title of National Artist of the Philippines for Literature. Nick Joaquin, is regarded by many as the most distinguished Filipino writer in English writing so variedly and so well about so many aspects of the Filipino.He was born to a home deeply Catholic, educated, and prosperous. His father, Leocadio Joaquà ­n, was a person of some prominence. Nick Joaquà ­n’s mother was a pretty, well-read woman of her time who had studied in a teacher-training institute during the Spanish period. Though still in her teens when the United States took possession of the Philippines, she was among the first to be trained by the Americans in English, a language she taught in a Manila public school before she left teaching after her marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicomedes Mà ¡rquez Joaquà ­n or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were ten children in the family, eight boys and two girls, with Nick Joaquin as the fifth child. In a home where he experienced an extremely happy childhood. Everything changed after his father lost the family fortune in due to failed investment. The young Nick Joaquà ­n dropped out of school. Only able to finish third year high school. Among other changes, he was unable to pursue the religious vocation that his strictly Catholic family had envisioned to be his future. Nick Joaquà ­n himself confessed that he always had the vocation for the religious life and would have entered a seminary if it were not for his father’s death.In his teenage years Nick was described by his sister to have had a â€Å"rabid and insane love for books.† For he would always be seen holding a book even when doing household chores. Both his parents had encouraged his interest in books. When he was around ten, his father got him a borrower’s card at the National Library. He was voracious, reading practically everything that caught his linking. After dropping out of school, Joaquà ­n worked as a mozo (boy apprentice) in a bakery in Pà ¡say and then as a printer’s devil in the composing department of the Tribune, of the TVT (Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba) publishing company. This got him started on what would be a lifelong association with the world of print.

Fences Rose Final Draft Essay Example

Fences Rose Final Draft Essay Example Fences Rose Final Draft Paper Fences Rose Final Draft Paper Essay Topic: Fences Character Analysis of Rose Rose holds the Manson family together as If she was the glue of the family. She treats everyone the same. Whether they are Klan to each other or not. She looks past the bad things in order to stay positive. Rose always has something to eat laying around the kitchen for anyone and everyone that is in the Manson house even if they are not family. Rose, Troy foil, brings out the good in Troy, and she does her best to keep him from doing things he should not do. Rose keeps the Manson family together with her kind and loving heart. Rose is a very opinionated lady, yet she gives her opinion out of love. When Troy gripes at her about gambling, she simply says in a calm voice, Troy you know I dont play foolishly. I Just play a nickel here and a nickel there. Now I hit sometimes. That makes up for It. I dont hear you complaining then, (Wilson 22). Rose proves that no matter how little money their family has, she always Is sure to keep Just enough to be able to go play the nickel machine In hope to win some money to help out her family. No matter what Troy says about her playing, she always lets It go in one ear and out the other. : Even though Rose enjoys herself by doing a little gambling, she uses the money for her family and not for herself whenever she does win. This proves Rose is very unselfish. Rose lets Troy know her side of things in a stern way when she says, l dont hear you complaining then. Theres a lot of people dont know they can do no better than they doing now. Thats Just something you got to learn. A lot of folks still shop at Belles, (7). Roses opinion is that most black people do not try to get out of poverty. Rose feels the opposite about the subject. She actually wants out of poverty. She makes an effort to be treated equal. Rose states her pollen on everything regardless of who tells her she Is wrong. Rose is a very caring and loving woman to everyone no matter what they do to her. You hungry, Gave? I was just fixing to cook Troy his breakfast. Well come on Ill make a batch of biscuits, (26). Rose steadily tries to be the best mother that she can be for the Manson family and not just take care of herself. She represents the primary care giver of the Manson household by cooking for everybody and bringing he whole family in together to eat. Okay, Troy Youre right. Ill take care of your baby for you Cause Like you say Shes innocent And you cant visit the sins of the father upon the child. A motherless child has got a hard time, (79). By Rose saying and doing this, it Just proves how loving and tender hearted she is. Even though Rose Is not the childs mother, she still wants what Is best for the baby. Stop that yelling. You goanna wake up Arrantly. I Just got her to sleep, (80). This shows that Rose has fully accepted Arrantly as her daughter. Rose does not see Arrantly as Just Troys daughter but also hers too. Rose says, talking about Lyons, Let the boy have ten collars, Roy, I Nils snows now loving Ana caring Rose acts towards Ir son. Rose and Troy clearly do not have enough money to be giving it out, but she encourages Troy to give some to Lyons because she cares about everyone. Rose is a very good hearted person who uses all of her characteristics to keep everyone in the family together and keep them in check. Rose does all she can to keep Troy in good situations and not let him make a fool of himself. Troy what is wrong with you this morning? Dont nothing set right with you. Go back in there and go to bed Get up on the other side, (23). Rose shows how she refuses to let Troy stay around the house being all grumpy and angry. Rose wants her house to be a warm feeling and loving environment. Goon Troy. I anti studying you. Troy you better leave me alone, (30). This proves how much off lady Rose is. She wants noting off public sexual scene, which is how a lady should be. She wants her sexual relationship with Troy to be private and Just between the two of them. Mimi goanna drink yourself to death. You dont need to be dinking like that, (10). Rose shows how much she cares about Troy no matter how he treats her. Rose is worried about him and how much he drinks. Also, Rose might be scared of how Troy acts after he has been drinking and what he is capable of. It ought to matter. You going around talking about having truck with the devil Gods the one you goanna have to answer to. Hes the one goanna be at the Judgment, (16). This shows how Rose feels about the Lord and her religious views. It also confirms that she tries to lead Troy in the right direction. Rose knows that if Troy keeps some of his bad ways then his Judgment Day might not turn out so well. Rose is a very strong minded woman with great values. Rose, who uses these values every day of her life, always acts as the heart and soul of the Manson family. Rose keeps everybody in the family together. Rose displays her sad side after having her heart broken due to Troys dissatisfaction with Just Rose as his wife. Rose stands as an extremely opinionated Christian woman who keeps the family going and keeps everyone straight with her love and kindness.

GDP as a measure of welfare Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GDP as a measure of welfare - Research Paper Example Russia for instance has been having an education system that determines its future economic development as it specializes in providing learners with basics in various fields like technology and trade. This therefore shows particularly that GDP can be the only factor to be used to gauge the performance of an economy in a country. Education at large is an expenditure to the economy therefore it should be counted during the measuring of Russsia’s standard of living. The life expectancy of both Russia and Kuwait is high and it is depends heavily on the economy due to expenses used in these two states to ensure that the life expectancy is very high as it looks at spending in good medical facilities and the higher the life expectancy the higher the future economic growth. This two states have tried to encourage for an equal balance in terms of income among the individuals. They do this by setting standards by a certain level to suit every individual there during the calculation of the living standards of the country and the measures included. Hence the GDP per capita have a close relationship with these other alternative measures in determining the living standards. These alternative factors should at all cost be included in the measure of living standards across these two nations economically. Another important measure of the living standard is the taxation rate in the economy of the involved countries. This simply adds to the revenue income of a nation at total budget which qualifies it to be used as a determinant in measuring the standard of living since it entails income of the authority government which is the overall income to the country. The large the tax rate the higher the income revenue to the government. The six countries as shown with their respective tax rate. Kuwait belongs to the same category as Russia because

Analyzing the play Real women have curves and applying critical Essay

Analyzing the play Real women have curves and applying critical thinking and terms - Essay Example But God has selected the woman, not the man, to give protection for the initial nine months to His creative force! This is the common thinking line of Josefina Lopez, in all her literary creations, whether it is a novel or the play. She is part of the problem and she participates in their solutions through literature. The colours may vary, her canvass is the same. Her thinking has something to do with her upbringing in a traditional Mexican household, the history and geography of it where menfolk are invariably served food first, not necessarily the prime items, but the leftovers. It is a herculean effort for the woman to nurture her body, spirit and soul. â€Å"Real Women Have Curves†, is her autobiographical play with a difference. She creates a play that depicts feminist consciousness clubbed with working-class consciousness. She defends womanhood with an approach of sarcasm. She does not pity her, condemn her, but wonders how a woman has to bear with so much pressure, to n urture her body image. The shape of her body is important to her; it is also important to menfolk. The story relates to a young woman who wants to go to college but the family pressurises her to work, obviously to earn. The important issues of oppression grounded on gender, class and ethnicity, coupled with the immigration problems of the Latino community are meaningfully classified in the play. On the whole, the play is a feminist narrative of upward mobility and it is a working class play. Women who wish to achieve success in life need to take Josefina as the model. Her life lets you know how to remain unbeatable in adversaries and triumph in the end. She is a Latina, an utterly traditional community, that puts many hurdles in the path of a progressive woman, and yet she succeeds in breaking out from that set up, and designs her own pattern of life. From the point of view of a reviewer and critic, the characters speaking Spanish may be a problem, but it keeps the authenticity of t he dialogues, for each community and each language has something that is un-translatable, and needs to make meaning in the original form. In brief, â€Å"Real Women Have Curves,† is the ‘biography’ of the Latino community. The author’s Chicana pride triumphs over all odds. In the play immigration has been shown as a persecution the Latino has to undergo and the author identifies the characters with one’s real-life experiences. Coming to the plot of the play proper, â€Å"Real Women Have Curves†, highlights the relationship between five Latina women. When women from common background join together, they unknowingly form a ‘union’ (not in the trade union sense of the term). In that association they share their sorrows and joy, mostly sorrows, as they belong to poor immigrant families. The story relates to the year 1987, when the problem of immigrants is the highly discussed in the American sociological and political circles. One of the five women, Ana is ambitious, she is a fresh high school graduate, and she has great dreams to achieve success in life, that too as a writer. A writer, with the writing skills and passion to transform the society, is able to achieve something tangible to the ethnic group to which she belongs. This seems to be the agenda of Ana. In the play under review she aims to achieve her objectives by describing the physical beauty of the multi-generational families, who have achieved prosperity as participants in the American Dream. She has no ambiguities or fear about

Ray Ozzies Role at Microsoft

Ray Ozzies Role at Microsoft Introduction Ray Ozzie was the known to play a major role at the lotus notes before he became the Chief Software Architect of the Microsoft team (Microsoft, 2010). In 2005, he aimed to webify† Microsoft in order to level up with the wide use of internet and search engines such as Yahoo! and Google. He had to create a management strategy in order to find out the best way to share the information through his colleagues and be able to sum up the ideas on how to maintain the revenues of the company. The case study, Ray Ozzie, Software Strategist†, relates with the everyday processes, practices and activities that are involved in creating a strategy. Why was the Semiahmoo retreat not successful in creating sustained momentum around the issue of Microsofts core? The March retreat of the companys top 110 or so executives including Bill Gates was not successful because they failed to discuss the key factors about the Microsofts core. It is said that the company relied on selling proprietary software straight to users or to the manufacturers of computer for pre-installation on machines. However, the strategy was being challenged by free open-source software like linux and web- based companies whose software was free off the internet and supported by advertising such as Google or Yahoo!. This seemed to leave the company behind the emerging software that offers free access over the internet and is able to use by the customers directly. The companys processes of reaching the market have had difficulties most especially the shipping of products. Retreat at Semiahmoo was not able to initiate a clear discussion of the things that Microsoft has to do in order to get back to the emerging companies in the Information Technology industry today. They have got breakout sessions in order to brainstorm various strategic issues and it was observed that the people within the company relate to Bill. It appeared to be more of a team building for the executives and the group refused to organise the issues covering the strategy or the issue of the Microsofts core. They argued it was untimely and likely to cause unnecessary apprehension to engage more people as it involves the past strategies. Thus, the momentum from the retreat on Semiahmoo did not have enough space to tackle the said issue. The importance of focus on the processes and practices with regard to the activities of the company is given much attention rather than the issue of sustaining the strategy for selling products in a unique manner (Christensen, 1997). The practice of strategy involves the important components of how the organisation manages its people and links the outcomes from strategising events, activities, meetings and other. In addition to, the focus of the group went to the attraction of the place, perhaps, and the experience to bond with each other. The strategic challenge that Microsoft was facing was not clearly defined as well. The team relied on the past strategy and thought it was irrelevant to review. The retreat ended without accomplishing what was really tasked to do because the team overlooked the criticisms about the past strategies without realising that it is important to be able to figure out what specific changes to focus on or where exactly they should concentrate. Why was Ozzie more successful in creating follow-on action after the Robinswood retreat? After the Semiahmoo retreat, the company had a second retreat because the first attempt to create a strategy for the Microsofts core evaporated. Ozzie took charge of the second retreat and it was successful. Although Ozzie have not tried working intimately with the team, he took his chance on delivering and defining the strategic challenge that the company was facing. The retreat was held as Robinswood house where in it appeared to be substandard unlike the Semiahmoo retreat. Ozzie provided a 51- page memo beforehand that describes his diagnosis of the strategic challenge facing Microsoft. He detailed out the challenges for the company through his friendly mood and did not confront anyone with the past mistakes of the company. He opened up a discussion through an invigorating exercise about the unfavourable things happening in the present technical and organisational strategy of the company (Fried, 2009). Thus, it gave the team a chance to speak up and raise the issues with regard to the mistakes of the company on its operations most especially the issues that they have to solve most especially the fluctuating revenues of Microsoft. The meeting resulted on a more intense discussion with the team about the future strategies that could benefit the organisation. A progress was made although a good deal of controversy was still present. Furthermore, Ozzie put a highlight on the changing environment and the importance of service to the clients. The communications technologies have drastically developed into a more convenient form. In the modern world, the people pay much attention to the interaction with the company and its products and services and how they are able to use in a simple way. The businesses are directly reaching the customers with lower costs and provide a great service. Technology companies are now practicing ways to sell the products without the hassle of shipping and most importantly with lower costs such as downloading the application directly from the website supported by advertisements and the like. As Ozzie have seen, Microsoft is not developing a strategy on how to compete within the industry most especially the strategy of advertising- supported services and software over the internet. The strategy depicts innovation and fives the foundation for the web developers to improve and develop the services to the customers. Microsoft has to embrace this kind of business strategy in order to come up with a more practical way to reach and interact with the market and benefit the company with remarkable revenue. The company have to reflect on its past mistakes and relate to the present environment to be able to emerge with what is going in the market. The leadership responsibilities, strengths and weaknesses of the company should be discussed in a genial manner so an immediate response from the team could result to a better strategy to solve the challenges. The business might be at risk if the team fails to handle the dilemma accordingly and did not maintain an open communication (Levy, 2008). Comment on Ozzies communications strategy with regard to the Internet Services Disruption. The communication strategy of Ozzie is indeed a good way to reach the executive staff and he explained clearly what his goals are for the company. According to the memo, he has a lot of positive reasons to innovate more with regard to the strategic challenge that the company is facing. He delivered the memo very well such as stating that the leaders understand the efficiency of eradicating the hindrances on developing products. Reorganisation is considered to be an important step for improving the alertness of the company (Ozzie, 2005). He maintained a positive outlook on the past strategy of the company although it prevailed to put the business at risk. He still considered past strategies to start the development of the company on what he aims on his recent strategies. It is a very good way to motivate the organisation to move on to the next stage and be able to encourage them to participate and work accordingly. His idea of differentiating the strategy from the past developments of the company made it significant to understand the whole point. He immediately perceived the feedbacks of the readers so he addressed, in advanced, the possible doubts of the readers of his memo. Ozzie continues to innovate as he mentioned a continuous change every five years for the company to cope with the changing environment of the market considering that technology is growing rapidly. His focus on the recent strategic issues gives the memo a clearer objective to increase the motivation for the team to work well on creating new products and continuously creating a solution to the challenges. Ozzie is catered to the transformation of the company into a more user-friendly and interactive to reach the customers, partners and other for bigger opportunities (Ozzie, 2005). Thus, Ozzies communication strategy promotes a vision and a set of well- defined goals and objective that makes a dependable leader to integrate the varied activities and ideas of the whole team. Conclusion Ray Ozzie worked well on the creation of new strategies for the Microsoft such as going live and being more interactive with its users. Advertising-supported software and other internet-based applications are emerging in the market and are doing well with its revenues. The techniques of internet advertising have drastically affected by the innovations on technology. The use of broadband is considered to be a blanket for the market starting from the purchase of the computer up to the installation of its software and applications. Hence, it calls for an extensive innovation for Microsoft to comprehend with the use of the World Wide Web. Works Cited Ray Ozzie, Software Strategist: Case Study† (Please put the details of the book where you get the case study) Christensen, C. The Innovators Dilemma, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, 1997 Fried, I. Ray Ozzies view from the clouds†, cnet news. (November 18, 2009) from http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10400244-56.html?tag=newsLeadStoriesArea.1 retrieved 02/19/10. Levy, S. Ray Ozzie Wants to Push Microsoft Back Into Startup Mode†, Wired Magazine: 16.12. (November 24, 2008) from http://www.wired.com/techbiz/people/magazine/16-12/ff_ozzie retrieved 02/19/10. Microsoft. Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates†, Microsoft New Center (2010) from http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx retrieved 02/20/10. Ozzie, R. Internet Services Disruption†, (October 28, 2005), from http://www.scripting.com/disruption/ozzie/TheInternetServicesDisruptio.htm retrieved 02/19/10.

Reality TV VS Real Life TV Essay

Reality TV vs. Real Life TV One of the main sources of news and entertainment is television. Every household has a television set in their home which the family consumes hours watching. Many reality TV shows are based on shallow and vague values. The growing trend in television now for our culture is â€Å"REALITY TV† (real life on TV). Just like the appeal to junk food or the internet reality TV has a dominant effect on our children and us as adults. There is real life and there is TV-life under influence of which viewers fall. Under the name of â€Å"Reality TV† viewers expect something as â€Å"real life on TV†. But while reality TV may seem like a harmless form of entertainment, the damage (which is done so subtly) is very powerful and therefore it deserves a closer look. So the question is ‘Do we really need another reality TV show or perhaps it’s time for a reality check?’ â€Å"Reality television is a genre of television programming which generally is unscripted, documenting actual events over fiction and featuring ‘ordinary’ people over professional actors.† . Reality TV has appeared following the creation of television broadcasting in the 1940s. What we know of as reality TV now started with such shows as â€Å"Candid Camera† (1948). Reality TV programs are rapidly developing and gaining more and more popularity changing contents of the programs according to time changes: participants become more opened to the viewers—which attracts constant interest to reality shows. The most popular reality TV shows today are: â€Å"The Bachelor†, â€Å"Who Wants to Marry a Millionaire†, â€Å"Survivor†. All over the world, on multiple TV-channels, millions of people are watching the products of reality TV. Reality shows are covering most valuable aspects of life: family relationships, love, and money. The main purposes of those shows are either fun, or competition amusement. So here is the true reality behind reality TV. Reality TV, which is in the business of making us feel good rather than be good, actually contributes to the growing problems in our society by celebrating human weakness rather than hum an excellence. Reality TV doesn’t empower us, but rather overpowers us by taking our innate power and inner knowing and spirituality away from us, leaving us feeling insecure, inadequate, less fulfilled, isolated and confused by virtue of the promotion of anti-social behavior, excessive self-indulgence, self-entitlement, greed, compromised integrity, obsession with winning at  all costs, and erosion in morality. All reality shows have their own level of gossip, some more than others. The Housewives series are known for carrying with them a swirl of scandal ranging from cheating husbands, missing child support and even suicides. Courtroom shows like â€Å"People’s Court† and â€Å"Divorce Court† also brings drama to viewers as cases of divorce, property damage and landlord negligence lead to explosive episodes of screaming matches and much mallet smashing. Although none of us wish to be tied up in such hairy messes and sticky situations, it is amusing to watch others ba ttle it out in what can be considered no less than a complete display of trashy behavior. We like to know what is going on behind closed doors and if it involves some type of controversy, that just makes it all the more intriguing. The Real World is often created with being the first reality tv show, but you can go back even further to the Fifties when Candid Camera first aired. It was a show of regular people put in adverse, funny situations and we got to see how they reacted first hand. We love Candid Camera. It ran in some form for fifteen seasons, spawned countless other shows (America’s Funniest Home Videos, Kids Say the Darndest Things and the latest, Punk’d) and will probably come back in some form in the future. Americans also love game shows, which can be compared to reality TV shows. We love to watch people win or lose fortunes within thirty minutes and see how they react to that and each other. Perhaps Dr. Annette Hill, a researcher at the University of Westminster put it best when asked by BBC News why reality TV shows were so popular – â €Å"†We found that, in general, people like to see what happens behind the scenes.† Some shows, such as Deadliest Catch, give us a glimpse into something we might never know about such as the dangerous lives of crab fisherman. Reality TV is at times so utterly fabricated that viewers can’t help but enjoy a different â€Å"reality† from their own. Whether you favor watching reality shows of the rich and famous, the survivors, or the love birds, all anyone wants is an escape from what becomes a monotonous routine. If from such outright mind-numbing shows we can gain either steadfast motivation to become wealthy ourselves or simply affirmation that we are not as screwed up as we think (compared to the nut-jobs on the screen), then I think the hour of reality TV is well spent. Of course, everything looks better through a clear window. So, if you have to watch reality TV smut, at least watch it on any HD service really. You can see all of their REAL wrinkles and cellulite! So what does this actually say about our American culture? Some may believe that our culture can be naà ¯ve and nosey. We enjoy looking into others lives and personal business as and use to their real life dilemmas as entertainment. It’s also fair to say that we are a culture that enjoys other people’s drama. The more fighting and arguing the show has the more we want to watch it. There are critics who judge reality TV and their arguments are worth of attention. Contemporary reality shows are harmful for what they teach the audience. There is an emotional abuse when certain participants fail to win, there is a psychological trauma on the side of viewers when something happens not as they have expected. Physical beauty is presented to be more important than cleverness and intelligence, feelings and emotions are common. If reality TV is so popular, why does most critical commentary regard in a negative light? Traditionally, documentary is considered a â€Å"sober† genre with a strong tradition of social commentary, while reality TV is seems as a trivial one. However, the increase of new hybrids formats blurs this idea finding documentaries based on entertainment and reality shows based on social issues. â€Å"New hybrid versions of documentary and reality television produce a new kind of public sphere in which shared knowledge and the experience of the everyday take centre stage†, Reality TV has broken the boundary between private and public. Audience wants to feel the guilty pleasure, a voyeuristic experience, of feeling part of ordinary people’s lives and them demands to watch it on television. According to Baudrillard, this idea is based on â€Å"a kind of primal pleasure, of anthropological joy in images, a kind of brute fascination unencumbered by aesthetic, moral, social or political judgments† . We have always been interested in other people’s liv es because they are a reflection of our own lives, our own ordinariness. Baudrillard suggests that images â€Å"are immoral, and that their fundamental power lies in this immorality. When you consider the magnitude of the challenges that are facing America today, it becomes obvious that what we need is certainly not another mind-numbing reality TV show, but rather a good reality check. Whether we recognize it or not, America is in desperate need of healing and true revival. It needs a jump-start, not only in the economy, but most importantly a jump-start in the spirit. After all, we are only as strong as our spirit, because when the spirit is weak it’s easier to  become overwhelmed by what life throws our way. But when the spirit is strong, no turbulences can affect us, much like a ship in the vast ocean that can sail smoothly as long as there are no holes in it to make it sink. America could use a reality check if only to reexamine our value system, which is out of balance and has led to social ills and failing systems and institutions. In a conflicted state of uncertainty, doubt and fear, it’s only natural for people to feel overwhelmed, wishing to escape from reality. However, reality TV proves only an artificial relief. It’s obvious that we are looking for love (real joy, fulfillment, meaning and purpose) in all the wrong places. In a culture that demands instant gratification, and relief from everyday anxieties, a quick fix (for coping), seems to be the chosen drug of choice. So now for that reality check; the reality is that the prevailing mentality in American society today is ‘more is better,’ acquiring external riches as opposed to internal riches and that you can get something for nothing. There is a sense of entitlement and an expectation of wanting the good life without having to work hard for it. This is reinforced, glorified and perpetuated by the media with shows like ‘The Lifestyle of The Rich and Famous.’ When all you see is glamour, but not the hard work and sacrifice that goes into achieving success, it only inspires more envy and the desire for a ‘get rich quick’ scheme leading to the erosion of morality and integrity. Works Cited Baudrillard. Represetning Reality. 1991. Bignell, J. Reality TV in the Twenty first Century. New York: Plagrave MacMillan, 2005. en.wikipedia.org. N0vember 2012. Nichols, B. Representing Reality Issues and Concepts in Documentary. 1991.

Johann Kilian and the Wends: the Foundation of Lutheranism in Texas

Through this course (LCMS History) and others, I have heard the story of German Lutherans who left Europe and settled near Saint Louis, Missouri, under the leadership of Martin Stephan and (soon thereafter) C. F. W. Walther. This story seems quite familiar to many of my seminary classmates who originate from the Midwest and nearby regions. As a nearly lifelong resident of Texas, I had never before heard much of that story. The Lutherans in my communities generally have a different history – one involving a people group known as the Wends. These histories have merged at some point between their beginnings and the present; both communities are currently at home in the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod and share in fellowship and confession. Naturally several questions arise for further investigation. Who are the Wendish people? Who led them to America? Why did they come to America? What is their religious history? How did they integrate with the Missouri Synod? Why are they a valuable people group in our church body? Answering each of these essential questions necessitates a fairly broad scope, though certainly a coherent inspection. To address the topics at hand, I will present first a brief overview of the European climate during the time that the Wends left Germany as well as an account of their migration. Second, I will offer a concise biography of Johann Kilian, the early leader of the Texan Wendish community. Third, I will describe historically significant moments of interaction between the Lutheran Wends and the LCMS (and its predecessors and associated church bodies) and illustrate how these events contributed to the Wendish assimilation into the LCMS. Each of these components serves the purpose of presenting the Wendish community as a significant component of American Lutheranism, and one with an enduring impact on the LCMS church body. The necessary information is gathered mostly through printed and published texts on the subject at hand. It is also shaped by personal memory of this topic through experiences with members of the Wendish community as well as its associated institutions. Content in support of my purpose is present in these following paragraphs. European Pressures and the Wendish Migration In the early 19th century, the Wends were culturally and politically suppressed by their dominant political leaders. The land of the Wendish people, Lusatia, was intentionally divided between Saxon and Prussian rule. This virtually eliminated any possibility for national independence; the Wendish language became increasingly distinct between the nationalities (Caldwell1961). Also, they were economically dependent on German landholders and had little opportunity for social success. Those who sought better standards of living left their farmland for cities such as Bautzen and generally assimilated into the German culture in the process. A very small group of the Wends was training for the clergy in Prague and in Leipzig; as these students encountered political theories and topics of higher education they developed into the intelligentsia of the Wendish community. These educated people served as the leadership that the Wends needed to rise out of their lowly confinement (Grider 1982). Religious difficulties also characterized this time period. The Wends experienced great pressure to participate in Prussian Unionism, instituted by the Calvinist-leaning King of Prussia, Frederick William III (Nielsen 1989). Since the time of the Reformation, the majority of the Wendish people had been Protestants. This switch to Lutheranism distinguished the Wends religiously from the mainly Catholic Czechs and Poles with whom they shared many cultural and linguistic similarities (Grider 1982). As a people they were very interested in maintaining a definite and self-defined identity, distinct from surrounding people groups. This mandate of Prussian Unionism was an affront to this endeavor. Many spoke against this offensive consolidation, including Johann Kilian who was at that time a young student of theology at the University of Leipzig. In this context of religious pressure, a group of deeply conservative Wends began worshipping together in a private house-church. By 1845 they had established a small congregation with a building devoted as their worship space. After nine more years enduring religious antagonism, a core group of lay leaders drafted, in 1854, a constitution to govern the migration of the whole congregation to a new land with religious freedom. At this time, the congregation issued a call to Kilian, requesting that he shepherd them on their journey and minister to them in their future situation (Grider 1982). Kilian, eager to employ his missionary education, accepted their call. Additionally â€Å"agricultural disasters† during the mid-1800s spurred the Wends into discussions of leaving Germany/Prussia and seeking a new land for a new opportunity. Some impoverished German farmers, with whom the Wends were amiable, had already immigrated to America and Australia. Their joyous letters to the homeland were published by the German press and encouraged these hopeful Wendish immigrants. Of the Wends immigrating to Texas, the â€Å"first trickle of Wendish adventurers† (Grider 1982) arrived around 1850. A group of 35 set sail for America in 1853 but wrecked off the shore of Cuba. While stranded on the island, many learned how to roll cigars to supplement their income during their stranded time. Eventually compassionate German organizations in Havana, Cuba, and New Orleans funded and arranged for their transport to Galveston. One year after this small group’s arrival in Galveston, the â€Å"highly educated and forceful† (Grider 1982) Pastor Johann Kilian led a boatload of 600 of his congregants, pious and devout Wendish Lutherans, from Germany to Galveston. They made their voyage on the Ben Nevis, still considered within the Texan Wendish community as a counterpart of the English Pilgrims’ Mayflower (Grider 1982). Kilian was the only professional, educated man in the congregation; all the others were farmers and craftsmen. Yet the people possessed between them an adequate variety of skills to guarantee a self-sufficient colony. This group established the town of Serbin, which continues to be a place of cultural influence in central Texas. The Life of Johann Kilian The only son of Wendish farmers in Upper Lusatia, Johann Kilian was born on March 22, 1811. Two years later his mother, Maria Kilian nee Mattig, and his infant sister died. His grandmother helped to care for him for the next three years at which time his father, Peter Kilian, remarried. Soon thereafter his grandmother died. In 1821, while Kilian was ten years old, his father also died. Following the death of his parents, he inherited enough money to fund his education at the gymnasium (high school) in the chief Wendish city of Beutzen (Caldwell 1961). Johann found himself under the care of his uncle who leased the child’s inherited property and used the income to support the boy’s schooling. One can only imagine what sort of psychological impact these deaths must have had on young Kilian. According to Nielsen (2003), â€Å"nothing in his writings indicate any anxiety during these early years. † It is likely that during his youth with his extended family he began to learn about Christian living and developed a deep hope in the resurrection promise. Kilian spent more than four years at the Gymnasium in Beutzen. There he was educated in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and German; Wendish was only used in private and in his earlier years in grade school. Kilian and some of his classmates organized a Wendish club on campus to facilitate informal conversation in their mother tongue (Nielsen 2003). He was quite successful in Beutzen and soon enrolled at the University of Leipzig to study theology, where he once again encountered a Wendish circle. This organization propagated a rising attitude of Wendish nationalism, especially in contrast with German culture. Rather than associating with this divisive group, Kilian joined a German club whose central goal was â€Å"the preservation of pure Lutheran teaching† (Nielsen 2003). This decision seems to have been more of a growing attraction toward orthodox Lutheranism than a rejection of Wendish culture. It also seems that in this association He was taking a stand in contrast to the majority of the faculty of Leipzig who were heavily influenced by rationalism at the time. In 1835, Kilian obtained his license to preach and was assigned to an assisting position at Hochkirch, a large parish which included several surrounding viliages. The following year, he travelled to Switzerland and attended a small mission school in Basel, remembering his childhood vow to become a foreign missionary. Back in eastern Germany, his uncle (different from the one who had helped to raise him as a child) was the pastor of a Lutheran church in Kotitz; he died while Killian was away at school. Then in 1837 Kilian returned to Kotitz and received his full ordination. This enabled him to assume the senior pastorate there (Nielsen 2003). Most of the Wends in his congregation could not understand German, so Kilian undertook several translation projects for the benefit of his flock. He published a book containing twenty eight hymns in Wendish; some were translations of German hymns and a few were his original pieces. These musical arrangments were very well received by both his own congregation and numerous other Lutheran Wendish assemblies. He continued to translate many German songs and eventually produced more than one hundred of his own hymns (Nielsen 2003). These hymns emphasize the centrality of Jesus in Christian living and often contain declarations of profound hope. Several of his songs and poems are contained in a collection edited by David Zersen (2010). Included, here, is one verse from Kilian’s hymn, â€Å"Blessed Land†: Jesus leads his saints on earth: Witnesses are we! Sadness, trials, suffering? Faithful we will be! Christ is our life. There’s a kingdom waiting there; No more sorrow, no more care. Christ is our life. In addition to his musical translation efforts, Kilian translated the Lutheran Confessions into Wendish. He began with Luther’s Small Catechism in the late 1840s and finished the remainder of the confessions in 1854. Other prominent Wendish intellectuals frequently frowned upon his efforts, insisting that importing German religious thinking would contaminate the Wendish culture. They preferred to advance hopeful nationalism for the Wends and showed little priority for proper doctrinal adherence. Kilian disagreed with their attitude and continued â€Å"translating religious works into the mother tongue to enrich the language and simultaneously nourish religious life† (Nielsen 2003). These exercises in translation eventually led to a reasonable popularity for Kilian, especially among likeminded Wendish Lutherans. One such congregation of people at Weigersdorf was becoming increasingly troubled by the pressures of Prussian Unionism. In 1844 they issued a call to Kilian with hopes that he would agree to lead them in their migration away from their oppressive setting. Kilian accepted the call on two conditions. He required that the congregation would pledge faithfulness to pure Lutheran doctrine and also that the congregation acquire an immigration permit from the appropriate Prussian authorities. (Nielsen 2003). Kilian over the next several years served this as well as other parishes (especially one in Klitten) which shared in the Lutheran confession. During that time, he married Maria Groschel, with whom he had four children while they remained in Europe – only one of which survived into maturity (Nielsen 2003). Religious pressures continued to build until in 1854, a group of 600 Wendish Lutherans (under Kilian’s shepherding) began the process of relocating to Texas. While Kilian is often credited with leadership of this venture, such wording is misleading at best. He did not object to the exodus from Europe, but the instigation of the process was from the laypeople. Kilian’s role was to accompany them as their pastor (Nielsen 2003). The journey was characterized by illness, danger, and loss of life. Kilian was heavily relied upon for his pastoral care at several points on the journey. In one instance while at sea, several people were suffering from sea-sickness below the deck. The captain of the Ben Nevis (the ship that carried them across the Atlantic) instructed that the migrants come up for fresh air to improve their health. Some did not cooperate with the captain’s orders. Kilian gently persuaded those who remained below deck to come up. While this shows the authority the Wends saw in Kilian, it also caused resentment from some because he was exceeding his religious responsibilities. The voyagers eventually crossed the Atlantic and arrived at the port of Galveston. They then travelled to central Texas and established the colony of Serbin. For the next three decades, Kilian served the Texan Wends as their pastor and endeavored to connect them with likeminded believers in their new land (Nielsen 2003). Eventually he was able to forge a confessional relationship with the Missouri Lutherans and connect his people to a larger church body. After Kilian’s death on September 12, 1884, many tributes were written about him. These included a handful of lengthy pieces n Der Luteraner, the official periodical of the synod (Martens 2011). The Texan Road to Missouri â€Å"Religious isolation was not part of his tradition† (Nielsen 2003). In Texas, Kilian became a friend of Caspar Braun, a Lutheran who had already been in Texas for about five years. Braun had formed the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Texas and served as its first president. While Kilian certainly en joyed his friendship with Braun, he was hesitant to join this Texas Synod because he considered that it shared too many similarities with the Prussian Union which he had left. He also lamented the lack of enriching liturgy in its churches (Nielsen 2003). Rather he became drawn to the German Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Missouri, Ohio, and Other States. Geography was certainly a hindrance to fellowship with this church body, he considered it far less of a barrier than theological incompatibility. In his effort to establish fellowship with the Missouri Synod, he wrote a letter introducing himself and the Wends to C. F. W. Walther, who was also born in 1811. Though Kilian and Walther did attend the University of Leipzig simultaneously in 1832, there is no indication in any of their correspondence that they knew each other before they were in America. Kilian had learned of Walther chiefly through his writings. He owned a copy of Walther’s Stimme der Kirche in der Frage von Kirche und Amt. Kilian agreed with Walther’s position on church polity which â€Å"empowered the voters’ assembly as the supreme authority and diminished the power of the ecclesiastical leaders† (Nielsen 2003). His congregation joined the Missouri Synod in 1866 with Kilian as the first Missouri Synod pastor in the state of Texas. Under Kilian’s pastoral leadership, the Wends became fervent supporters of synodical education and eventually began to issue calls to American-trained pastors. By 1877 nearly a dozen pastors were serving Missouri Synod congregations in Texas and the group gained recognition as the Texas Conference of the Western District. Only a couple years later, the Southern District was organized, ranging from El Paso, Texas, to San Augustine, Florida. Then in 1903, the Texas District of the LCMS was formed; it contained 23 congregations, nearly 40 pastors, and 11 school teachers. Concluding Remarks The Texas District of the LCMS owes its genesis to the migration of the Wends and the pastoral leadership of Johann Kilian. It is now one of the largest districts in the LCMS and has produced more synodical presidents (Behnken, Harms, and Kieschnick) than any other district. The Wendish culture and religious experiences have shaped and continue to shape the theological thinking of Texas Lutherans. It is especially for these reasons that the Wends are a valuable people group in the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod.